Explore the Basic Fundamentals of Physics

Explore the Basic Fundamentals of Physics Physics is a systematic study of the natural world, particularly the interaction between matter and energy. It is a discipline that attempts to quantify reality through a precise application of observation coupled with logic and reason. In order to make use of such a discipline, you must first understand certain fundamentals. Only by learning the basics of physics can you build upon it and dive deeper into this field of science. Whether you are pursuing  a career in physics or merely interested in its findings, it certainly is fascinating to learn about. What Is Considered Physics? To begin the study of physics, you must first understand what physics actually means. Understanding what falls within the realm of physics- and what does not- helps focus the field of study so you can formulate meaningful physics questions. Behind every question in physics lies four very important terms  you will want to understand:  hypothesis, model, theory  and law.   Physics can be either experimental or theoretical. In experimental physics, physicists  address a scientific problem using techniques such as the scientific method in an attempt to prove a hypothesis. Theoretical physics is often more conceptual in that physicists are focused on developing scientific laws, such as the theory of quantum mechanics.   These two forms of physics are related to each other and connected to other forms of scientific study. Quite often, experimental physics will test the hypotheses of theoretical physics. Physicists themselves can specialize in a variety of fields, from astronomy and astrophysics to mathematical physics and nanotechnology. Physics also plays a role in other fields of science, such as chemistry and biology. The Fundamental Laws of Physics The goal of physics is to develop precise models of physical reality. The best case scenario is to develop a series of very fundamental rules to describe how these models function. These rules are frequently called laws after they have been used successfully for many years. Physics is complicated, but it does fundamentally rely  on a number of  accepted laws of nature. Some are historical and groundbreaking discoveries in science. These include  Sir Isaac Newtons Law of Gravity  as well as his Three Laws of Motion.  Albert Einsteins Theory of Relativity  and the  laws of thermodynamics  also fall into this category. Modern physics is building off those monumental truths to study things such as quantum physics which explores the invisible universe. Similarly, particle physics seeks to understand the smallest bits of matter in the universe. This is the field where strange words like quarks, bosons, hadrons, and leptons enter the scientific dialogue that makes headlines today. The Tools Used in Physics The tools that physicists use range from the physical to the abstract. They include balance scales and laser beam emitters as well as mathematics. Understanding this wide range of tools and the methods for applying them is essential to understanding the process that physicists go through in studying the physical world. The physical tools include things like  superconductors  and synchrotrons, which are used to create intense magnetic fields. These can be applied in studies like the Large Hadron Collider or practically in the development of magnetic levitation trains. Mathematics is at the heart of physics and is vital in all fields of science. As you begin to explore physics, fundamentals such as using significant figures  and going beyond the basics of the metric system will be important. Math and physics go much deeper as well and concepts like vector mathematics  and the mathematical properties of waves are crucial to the work of many physicists. Historys Famous Physicists Physics does not exist in a vacuum (even though some physics is practiced in an actual vacuum). The forces of history have shaped the development of physics as much as any other field in history. Quite often, it is useful to understand the historical perspectives which led to our current understanding. That includes the ​many incorrect paths that were faltered along the way. It is also useful and intriguing to learn about the lives of the famous physicists of the past. The ancient Greeks, for instance, combined philosophy with the study of natural laws and are particularly known for an interest in astronomy. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Galileo Galilei further studied, observed, and experimented with the laws of nature. Though he was persecuted in his time, he is regarded today as the father of science (coined by Einstein) as well as modern physics, astronomy, and observational science. Galileo inspired and was followed by famous scientists like Sir Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Richard P. Feynman, and Stephen Hawking. These are just a few of the names of physics history that have shaped our understanding of how our world works. Their abilities to challenge accepted theories and devise new ways of looking at the universe have inspired physicists who continue to achieve scientific breakthroughs.

Speaking of the French Calendar

Speaking of the French Calendar A most basic topic of conversation, apart from the weather, is the time we live in- the day, the month, the season, the year. We mark time, literally, by the words for these signposts. So anyone seeking to speak French, or any other language, will want to know how to speak of such basic demarcations. Days of the Week Lets begin with the days of the week,  les  jours de la semaine.  The French week begins on Monday  so thats where well start. Note that the names of the days are not capitalized unless they start a sentence. lundi   Mondaymardi   Tuesdaymercredi Wednesdayjeudi Thursdayvendredi Fridaysamedi Saturdaydimanche Sunday The Definite Article Le When you are discussing days of the week, use the definite article le before each name, when you are talking about something that happens repeatedly on a certain day. To make each day plural, add an s. Je vois Pierre le lundi.   I see Pierre on Mondays.Nous travaillions le samedi.   We used to work on Saturdays.On y va tous les mercredis matin / soir. (NB: Matin  and soir here are adverbs and so dont agree.) We go there every Wednesday morning / evening. If youre talking about the day of a unique event, do not use an article, nor should you use a preposition equivalent to on.   Je lai vu dimanche. (I saw him on Sunday)  Il va arriver mercredi. (Hell arrive on Wednesday). Origins of Day Names Most names for days derive from Latin names for heavenly bodies (planets, moon and sun), which in turn were based on gods names. Lundi is based on Luna, the ancient Roman moon goddess; mardi is the day of Mars, ancient Roman god of war; mercredi is named after Mercury, winged messenger of the ancient Roman gods; jeudi is devoted to Jupiter, monarch of the ancient Roman gods; vendredi is the day of Venus, ancient Roman goddess of love; samedi derives from the Latin for Sabbath; and  the last day, though named in Latin for Sol, the ancient Roman sun god, became dimanche in French based on the Latin for Lords day. Months of the Year The French names for months of the year, les mois de lannà ©e,  are based on Latin  names and ancient Roman life.  Note that months are not  capitalized  either. janvier  Ã‚  Januaryfà ©vrier  Ã‚  Februarymars  Ã‚  Marchavril  Ã‚  Aprilmai  Ã‚  Mayjuin  Ã‚  Junejuillet  Ã‚  Julyaoà »t  Ã‚  Augustseptembre  Ã‚  Septemberoctobre  Ã‚  Octobernovembre  Ã‚  Novemberdà ©cembre  Ã‚  December The Four Seasons The passing of the four seasons, les quatre saisons, has inspired many an artist. Antonio Vivaldis famed  concerto grosso may be the benchmark. These are the evocative names the French bestowed on the seasons:   le  printemps   springlà ©tà ©Ã‚   summerlautomne   autumn/falllhiver   winter Expressions related to the seasons: Attacher lundi avec mardiCe nest pas mardi gras aujourdhui.Le chassà ©-croisà © des juillettistes et des aoà »tiensEn avril, ne te dà ©couvre pas dun fil.Une hirondelle ne fait pas le printemps.Passer lheure dà ©tà ©Passer lheure dhiver Talking About Specific Dates Questions:   Whats the date? Quelle est la date  ?Quelle est la date aujourdhui?Quelle est la date de (la fà ªte, ton anniversaire...)?What date is (the party, your birthday...)?(You cannot say quest-ce que la date or quest-ce qui est la date, because quelle is the only to way to say what here.) Statements:In French (and in most languages),  the number must precede the month, like this: Cest  Ã‚  le  (definite article)   cardinal number  Ã‚  month   Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest le 30 octobre.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest le 8 avril.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest le 2 janvier. Exceptionally, the first day of the month requires an  ordinal number:  1er  or  premier for 1st or first:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest le premier avril.  Cest le 1er  avril.   Its the first (1st) of April.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest le premier juillet.  Cest le 1er  juillet.   Its the first (1st) of July. For all of the above statements, you can replace Cest  with  On est  or  Nous sommes.  The meaning is essentially the same in each case and all can be translated with It is.....   Ã‚  Ã‚  On est le 30 octobre.Nous sommes le premier juillet. To include the year, add it at the end of the date:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest le 8 avril 2013.On est le 1er  juillet 2014.Nous sommes le 18 octobre 2012. Idiomatic calendar expression:  Tous les 36 du mois   Once in a blue moon

Women's role during the Great Depression and during world war ll Essay

Women's role during the Great Depression and during world war ll - Essay Example Women served as nurses or teachers, cooks or cleaners. Some even ventured into men’s jobs. In such cases, discrimination was commonplace. Women were not deemed as clever or as physically strong as their male counterparts, and as a result, were often harassed, by their bosses and trade unionists. They therefore, had to fight to be taken seriously because their male counterparts were often very suspicious of their capabilities. It was a time for women to shine despite the discrimination they experienced. When no other men were available, women were given significant tasks that were originally assigned to men. They were initially trained to the same standard as men, but employers eventually didn’t want to hire fully trained women because they received better pay, which upset the trained male workers, causing friction in the workplace. Equal pay became a huge issue that women fought for and this even spurred the women’s liberation movement. Indeed, women made productive use of their time during the war. They were able to combine work, marriage and motherhood without seriously undermining their expected home responsibilities. A woman’s participation in the war effort did not doom conventional sexual divisions of labour while compensating her work with much needed payment without threatening her domestic duties. This multi-faceted role also gave her a feeling of personal importance which is mostly taken for granted by the people around her. The war was devastating for most people, taking the lives of their loved ones, destroying their properties and livelihood. Previously held values were put aside as morality took a plunge in the name of survival. It was a very emotional time for all, and women were tested of their emotional and physical strength to carry on despite all the hardships and challenges thrown their way. Most women proved themselves and have gained skills to they were able to use in various tasks.

How governmental entities will be affected by GASB pronouncement Research Paper

How governmental entities will be affected by GASB pronouncement - Research Paper Example This is done by several different types of documents and mechanisms that together comprise what is better known as GAAP hierarchy for governments. However, not all the mechanisms and documents used by the GASB to set accounting principles and standards have the same weight and importance, hence the need of the term hierarchy which implies that some are going to be more important than others (Fischer et al, 127). In the absence of a pronouncement or another source of accounting literature, the financial statement preparer may consider what is termed as â€Å"other accounting literature.† In this category of â€Å"other accounting literature†, it includes a variety of different sources ranging from GASB Concepts Statements that are often GASB documents that describe the conceptual framework from which GASB statements arise on the more authoritative side to accounting books and articles on the less authoritative side. Accounting for leases is one of the more technically ch allenging areas in accounting including governmental accounting. The following explanation aims to describe the accounting and financial reporting requirements for lessees (Ruppel, 68). Essentially, these accounting requirements depend on whether the lease is classified as a capital lease or an operating lease. This classification is made in the same manner by governmental entities as well as commercial enterprises. However, the difference between the two is whether the lease is accounted for by a governmental fund, or by a proprietary fund. Nevertheless, the reporting requirements differ significantly. The Governmental Accounting Standards Board provides guidance to state and local governments on applying the requirements of SFAS in a manner consistent with that of governmental accounting. In other words, governmental funds need to account for the capital assets and long-standing liabilities resulting from accounting for a lease as a capital lease consistent with how capital assets and long-standing liabilities are otherwise accounted for by governmental funds. The effect of recording capital leases on the state -wide financial statements must also be considered. The requirements of GASB can be applied by proprietary funds and in the state-wide financial statements directly, since these funds and financial statements use the same basis of accounting and measurement focus as commercial enterprises. This often results into identical accounting treatment for these leases. The accounting for leases is derived from the view that a lease that transfers substantially all the benefits and risks of ownership should be accounted for as the acquisition of an asset and the incurrence of a liability by the lessee (Fischer, 118). In recording capital leases by a lessee, there are significant differences in the accounts used by the Governmental Accounts Standards Board and proprietary funds. In the case of GASB, the primary emphasis is on the flow of financial resources, an d expenditures are recognized on the adjusted accrual basis of accounting for leases. Therefore, if a lease agreement is to be financed from general governmental resources, it must be accounted for and reported on a basis consistent with governmental fund accounting principles. Furthermore, capital assets used in governmental activities acquired

Effects Of Tourism In Africa Outweigh The Negative Effects Tourism Essay

Effects Of Tourism In Africa Outweigh The Negative Effects Tourism Essay Ecotourism is responsible travel to perfect and usually protected areas. With the purpose to teach the traveler, supply capital for ecological conservation and ensure economic development and political authorization, it also promotes value for different cultures and for human rights. Countries in Africa are now focusing on tourism as a cause of growth and diversification, but with limited policy guidance from most donors, despite the sectors potential. Ecotourism has become one of the fastest-growing sectors of the tourism industry, growing annually by 10-15% worldwide (Miller, 2007). One definition of ecotourism is the practice of low-impact, educational, ecologically and culturally sensitive travel that benefits local communities and host countries (Honey, 1999). South Africa as one of the countries in Africa is obtaining considerable economic remuneration from ecotourism, although negative consequences including removing people from their homes, infringement of fundamental rights, and environmental hazards which according to Miller far outweigh the medium-term economic benefits (Miller, 2007).A great amount of money is being exhausted and human resources are continually being used up for tourism in spite of the negative effects, and a larger amount of money is put into public relation campaigns to dissolve the criticism from the locals and public. Tourism directs resources away from other schemes that could possibly supply maintainable and realistic results to pressing social and environmental tribulations. The money tourism can generate often ties parks and managements to eco-tourism (Walpole et al. 2001).However there is worry concerning the changes in land-use rights, false hope in the delivery of community benefits, damage to the environment and plenty other social impacts. Indeed its an argument to consider eco-tourism as neither ecologically nor socially beneficial, but it is still a strategy for. Indeed many argue repeatedly that eco-tourism is neither ecologically nor socially beneficial, this is somewhat true but it too persists as a strategy for preservation and growth. WTTC/WEFA forecast that tourism and travel would account for over 11% of GDP in Sub-Saharan African countries in 1999 and has a growth rate of over 5%. The tourism system has tremendous financial and political influence. It is said that Funding could be used for field studies aimed at finding alternative solutions to tourism and the diverse problems Africa faces in result of urbanization, industrialization, and the over exploitation of agriculture (Kamuaro, 2007). Tourism has has become the source of conflict regarding the control of land, resources and profits made. It has therefore caused harm to the locals and the topic of profit distribution is one thats not desired as it leads to At the local level, ecotourism has become a source of conflict over control of land, resources, and tourism profits. In this case, ecotourism has harmed the environment and local people, and has led to conflicts over profit distribution. In a perfect world more efforts would be made towards educating tourists of the environmental and social effects of their travels. Very few regulations or laws stand in place as boundaries for the investors in ecotourism. These should be implemented to prohibit the promotion of unsustainable ecotourism projects and materials which project false images of destinations, demeaning local and indigenous cultures. Tourism is often considered volatile. As a global industry, all destinations face the heightened risk of terrorist attacks, which, together with civil strife, war and natural disasters, can terminate demand for the product for a prolonged period. Crime and poor public health standards in a specific destination can greatly reduce demand for an indefinite period after it is evidenced. There are some advantages to Tourism. Tourism is labor intensive with some two employees required per hotel room in developing countries, depending on the type of hotel and local skill levels. Comparisons of investment costs per job in tourism compared with manufacturing, presuppose that countries have a free choice between these alternatives, as well as comparable market entry for each activity. Nevertheless, there is some evidence that tourism is more labor intensive than manufacturing and employs a higher proportion of the low skilled and women. Only in a few small, resource-rich developing countries will the opportunity cost of such labor equal the wages payable in tourism. An often-neglected facet of employment in the sector is that tourism, in fact, creates good jobs. Physical working conditions are healthier and safer than in sugar cane, mining, logging and, often, manufacturing, among other economic activities. But, also, hotels and tourist services create jobs such as waiters, maintenance engineers, and drivers, which are relatively well paid, particularly when supplemented by tips. Finally, it appears that tourism can generate more than sufficient taxes to compensate for public investments. Although, it is said that the negative effects of tourism outweigh the positive ones. There seems to be a lot of resentment and feelings of inferiority amongst the locals. The government should have to choose one over the other (and the priority should be the culture and the people over financial revenue). Even if it means less money will be received from tourists by portraying a culture like that of the Philippines. The government cannot attempt to do both. One of the real issues in tourism everywhere in developing countries is how to extend the benefits to the poor and to local communities. Although ecotourism is intended for small groups, even a modest increase in population, however temporary, puts extra pressure on the local environment and necessitates the development of additional infrastructure and amenities. The construction of water treatment plants, sanitation facilities, and lodges come with the exploitation of non-renewable energy sources and the utilization of already limited local resources. Aside from environmental degradation with tourist infrastructure, population pressures from ecotourism also leaves behind garbage and pollution associated with the Western lifestyle.[17] Although eco-tourists claim to be educationally sophisticated and environmentally concerned, they rarely understand the ecological consequences of their visits and how their day-to-day activities append physical impacts on the environment. Ecotourism is now also considered to be playing a role in this depletion. While the term ecotourism may sound relatively benign, one of its most seri ous impacts is its consumption of virgin territories (Kamuaro, 2007). These invasions often include deforestation, disruption of ecological life systems and various forms of pollution, all of which contribute to environmental degradation. In some cases, the resentment by local people results in environmental degradation. As a highly publicized case, the Masai nomads in Kenya killed wildlife in national parks to show aversion to unfair compensation terms and displacement from traditional lands.[ One of the most powerful examples of communities being moved in order to create a park is the story of the Masai. About 70% of national parks and game reserves in East Africa are on Masai land (Kamuaro, 2007). The first undesirable impact of tourism was that of the extent of land lost from the Masai culture. Local and national governments took advantage of the Masais ignorance on the situation and robbed them of huge chunks of grazing land, putting to risk their only socio-economic livelihood. Ecotourism often claims that it preserves and enhances local cultures. However, evidence shows that with the establishment of protected areas local people have illegally lost their homes, and most often with no compensation (Kamuaro, 2007). Pushing people onto marginal lands with harsh climates, poor soils, lack of water, and infested with livestock and disease does little to enhance livelihoods even when a proportion of ecotourism profits are directed back into the community. The establishment of parks can create harsh survival realities and deprive the people of their traditional use of land and natural resources. Ethnic groups are increasingly being seen as a backdrop to the scenery and wildlife. While governments are typically entrusted with the administration and enforcement of environmental protection, they often lack the commitment or capability to manage ecotourism sites effectively. The regulations for environmental protection may be vaguely defined, costly to implement, hard to enforce, and uncertain in effectiveness. The increased contributions of communities to locally managed ecotourism create viable economic opportunities, including high level management positions, and reduce environmental issues associated with poverty and unemployment. Because the ecotourism experience is marketed to a different lifestyle from large scale ecotourism, the development of facilities and infrastructure does not need to conform to corporate Western tourism standards, and can be much simpler and less expensive. There is a greater multiplier effect on the economy, because local products, materials, and labor are used. Profits accrue locally and import leakages are reduced.[19] However, even this form of tourism may require foreign investment for promotion or start up. When such investments are required, it is crucial for communities for find a company or non-governmental organization that reflects the philosophy of ecotourism; sensitive to their concerns and willing to cooperate at the expense of profit. In conclusion, Ecotourism and Tourism in Africa as a whole should be reconsidered. The depletion of natural resources and cultures is a drastic change thats most of the time now worth the finance and is irreversible. The bad outweighs the good and Tourism should be accepted and its effects should be reduced.

How Smart phone impact on Human life Essay

World is ever changing and advancing in the science and technology. These days it seems hard to escape the presence of technology. Most people will praise the many technological gadgets that they use in their everyday lives. Many of us depend on it to get us through the day, to do our work, to get around, and to be in touch with the society, family and friends. Technology is evolving at a very fast rate, and what most people did not even think could be real a few years ago is now becoming a reality. Some of the most important technological device is smart phones. It has greatly affected many aspects of our lives. Today the Smart phones, high-end mobile phones built on a mobile computing platform, with more advanced computing ability and connectivity than a contemporary feature phone, are now replacing Personal Computers (PCs). They have now taken the world by storm, and a lot of people could not imagine what life would now be like if they did not have the internet, email, and chat features on their phones at their disposal. According to the Guardian newspaper in U.K. (on 4 August 2011), smart phones (such as Blackberries, iPhones and Androids) sales increased from 4% in 2005 to 48% in 2011, 50% of people claim to use the mobile internet equally at home and outside their residence, 47% of teenagers admit using their smart phones in the toilet while only 22% of adults confessed to the same habit, and mobile-addicted teens are more likely than adults to be distracted by their phones over dinner and in the cinema. Statement of the problem Smart phones have become an attractive option for sensing human and social behavior. As phones are usually kept in relatively close proximity and contain many useful sensors that can record contextual and user activity cues (e.g. location, application usage and calling behavior). They can be effectively used in everyday life. This research focuses on Impact of Smartphone on human life Objective of the study The objective of this study is to find out how Smartphone‘s are impacting the human life as changing the life style and culture. And also to understand the positive and negative aspects of Smartphone on the society. This study will focus on impact of Smartphone on everyday life At the end, the study will summarize the impact and conclude based on wide range of impacts that Smartphone‘s have on society. This research will also recommend solutions, in order to reduce the negative impacts of Smartphone‘s and also realizes more benefits of this technology. Keywords: Smart phones, human life Research questions: 1 2 3 Research methodology Research design Sampling and sampling frame Sample size Survey method Questionnaire design Today‘s Smartphone‘s has been around since last six years when Apple introduced the Smartphone in mass consumer market, but in reality the Smartphone has been in market since 1993. The different between today‘s Smartphone and early Smartphone‘s is that early Smartphone‘s were  predominantly meant for corporate users and used as enterprise devices and also those phone were too expensive for the general consumers [5]. The Smartphone era is divided into three main phases. First phase was purely meant for enterprises. During this phase all the Smartphone‘s were targeting the corporations and the features and functions were as per corporate requirements. This era began with the advent of the very first Smartphone â€â€"The Simon‘ from IBM in 1993. Blackberry is considered as the revolutionary device of this era, it introduced many features including Email, Internet, Fax, Web browsing, Camera. This phase was totally based on Smartphone targeting enterprises [5] [6] [7]. The second phase of Smartphone era started with the advent of iPhone, the major breakthrough Smartphone market in 2007. Apple revealed its first smart phone in 2007. This was the time when first time ever industry introduced the Smartphone for general consumers market [8]. End of 2007 Google unveiled its Android Operating System with the intention to approach the consumer Smartphone market. The emphasis during this time period was to introduce features that the general consumer requires and at the same time keep the cost at lower side to attract more and more customers. Feature like, email, social website integration, audio/video, internet access, chatting along with general features of the phone were part of these entire phone . Third phase of Smartphone was mainly closing the gap between enterprise centric and general consumer centric Smartphone and improvement the display quality, display technology and on top of that also aiming to stabile the mobile operating system, introduce more powerful batteries and enhance the user interface and many more features within these smart devices. This phase logical started in 2008 with the upgrades in the mobile operating system and within last five year there have been several upgrades in Apple iOS, Android and Blackberry OS. The most popular mobile Operating systems (iOS, Android, Blackberry OS, Windows Mobile) and key Smartphone vendors (Apple, Samsung, HTC, Motorola, Nokia, LG, Sony etc.) are concentrating to bring features both in operating systems and devices which will provide exciting feature to enterprise and general consumers. The role of Android has been tremendous during this time period as it provided a great opportunity to all vendors to build devices using the great open source Android technology [8] [9] [10]. 3. Smartphone Growth / Usage The adoption of Smartphone‘s has been tremendous in mainstream consumer markets all over the world. Surveys show that around 42% of mobile subscribers in US use Smartphone‘s, along with 44% of mobile users in 5 major countries of European Union (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and UK). Media usage on mobile– including browsing the mobile web, accessing application and downloading content saw a major increase and surpassed 50 % in many markets; mobile users have not only adopted real-time social networking on their Smartphone at a growing rate but frequency of access has been also increasing day by day [12]. A UK telecommunications regulator Ofcom, released the following statistics as part of their study on Smartphone usage in the United Kingdom only ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬  37% of adults and 60% of teens admit they are highly addicted to their Smartphone. ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬  51% of adults and 65% of teens say they have used their Smartphone while socializing with others. ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬  23% of adults and 34% of teens have used their Smartphone during mealtimes. ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬  22% of adult and 47% of teens admitted using or answering their Smartphone while in the Bathroom The social life has been drastically changed with the introduction of Smartphone‘s and this domain has encountered most of the impacts from use of Smartphone. . Positive Impacts Accordingly to research [32], around 15% of the current world population has some sort of disabilities and also the number of elderly persons increasing day by day. Furthermore, this research shows that, by year 2020 more than 1000 million people over 60 years age will be living on this planet [33]. Keeping this in mind and looking into the capabilities of Smartphone, it is apparent that in such a situation Smartphone will play an important role in the integration process of people with special needs and elderly age. Smartphone‘s are capable to give this group of people the opportunity to live more independently. The more they can do by themselves, the better they  will feel and enjoy the life. Impact of Smartphone‘s on Society 223 Smartphone features like, text to speech, GPS and social Websites are some examples, which can help this group of people to easily remain integrated with society. Using these services and many more features, the target group of people can easily communicate their needs, seek assistance from others and remain connected to society [32]. Even in today‘s busy world Smartphone had also made possible for us to remain connected with our friends and family all the time. Always connected to the Internet through a Smartphone provides a great instrument for individuals for constant communication resulting in great safety for children attending schools or going outside. The classic mobile phones provided this facility for long time but the Smartphone‘s utilizing the same and providing additional convenient capabilities to communicate with children and know their whereabouts anytime [19]. The Smartphone has given an opportunity to individuals to act as a journalist at any point in time and real-time information to society. Smartphone features like the camera, video capture, access to social Websites and nature of always connected to the Internet enable individuals to capture any video at any time and share it with friends and family using social Websites and other Internet based options. Even though the quality of video / image can‘t be that good but the features on social Websites and opinions and comments make it more absorbing and useful [34]. Negative Impacts Addiction to Smartphone is major impact on social life. Surveys show that Smartphone addiction is interfering with our night‘s sleep. According to the survey, 33% of mobile workers admitted that they check their phones for email and message throughout the night. Nearly 50% of those surveyed said, they wouldn‘t even think of going to bed without have their Smartphone‘s tucked under their pillows. This addiction to Smartphone is impacting the social and family life and creating frictions in our lives [34]. Another aspect is that applications installed on Smartphone enabling image and video editing, allowing individuals to manipulate the actual content and provide their version of the content. This shows that most of the time there will be  issues with the authenticity of information received through these channels and it requires further research to ensure its validity and authenticity [34]. According to another research [35], the organizations expect their employees to respond to the emails immediately even after working hours, due to that employee feel compelled to respond to official emails. Many Smartphone users engage in continuous monitoring of their work related emails, which creates compulsive routines of chronic checking and in the long run it is responsible for increased stress. There are evidences that Smartphone usage is responsible to blur the distinctions between the work and family life. The Smartphone causes the employees to take the work into the home domain. As a consequence, the blurring work and family life might lead to a worsened work–family balance. In short, the higher integration of the work and home facilitated by Smartphone result in work–home interference (WHI), which is considered as a potential source of stress that having negative effect on employee social and family life. Cyber bullying is another major issue the society is facing today. The advent of Smartphone and the nature of being connected to internet anytime and anywhere is adding to this issue and making it much severe. It enables student to access irrelevant content while at schools, enables working community to access social Websites and other irrelevant content while at work, and enables youth to access the Internet for inappropriate contents. This highlights minimum control from parents and administration to prevent the users‘ access certain content on the Internet [19]. According to another report by security industries [36], Smartphone‘s and social networking site are likely to become the next target for criminal attacks. Security holes on several Smartphone‘s were exploited and malicious software was found on several Smartphone‘s from different vendors. 5. Conclusion & Future Direction It is true that Smartphone has a sizeable impact on society and other aspects of life. Clearly the enormous usage of these devices by consumers demonstrates the volume of this impact. Consumers are in process of traversing away from the use of conventional cell phone as the Smartphone‘s are beginning the norm of the society. Manufacturers and marketing can be blamed for this hype, but there is no doubt that Smartphone‘s are brining  great features and capabilities to consumers. The key impacts like enable to be always-connected, addiction to phone, single device with all required features, business edge, convenient educational features, apps as new technology, entertainment, best utilization of time, disrespectful behavior, privacy issues, impact on culture, distraction at work & at education Institutes and many more provide us both positive and negative sides of the Smartphone‘s. These positive and negative impacts are secondary, when we look at this existing technology from a different perspective and that perspective is interpretation and perception of Smartphone. There are several ways that we can control and minimize the negative impacts of Smartphone in society. ―Education and Guidanceâ€â€": In order to understand the positive and negative impact of Smartphone it is very important to educate the users on how to use Smartphone‘s smartly. The education should emphasis to enhance the positive impacts and highlight the negative impacts clearly so that the users can take advantages of this exciting technology. ―Security and Access Controlâ€â€": There are several initiatives from different vendors to combat the misuse of Smartphone at workplace and at Universities. SAP, Airwatch, MacAfee and many other vendors provide solutions to control the access of Smartphone within the workplace and Universities. Such measures are very useful in environments, where security of information is the top priority. These can also be useful in controlling the access of Smartphone‘s in Universities to minimize the use of social Websites, minimize the misuse of Smartphone‘s for cyber bullying, cheating in examinations and tests. These mobile management devices will also enable the administrators to remotely control the access of these devices check what services are running on a specific device. ―Polices and Procedureâ€â€": Policies and strict compliance procedure should be in place at workplace and at Universities to ensure the proper use of Smartphone‘s‘. This will enable users to use their phones if it is really required and when the use is really important. In summary, Smartphone can certainly be smart if the vendors, society and technologists understand their responsibility towards usage of these devices smartly in order to get more benefit in business, education, health and social life. It is apparent from above facts that the benefits of Smartphone are tremendous and negative impacts are minor. So it is important to concentrate on how to stop and avoid smartly the misuse of Smartphone rather  trying to stop or avoid use to Smartphone‘s. References Nurfit, 2012,â€â€"Smarphone Addiction and Impact on Societyâ€â€", Wikipedia, 2012, ―Blackberryâ€â€", http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerry http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2225149/Windows-8-phone-software-launch- Microsoft-hopes-Jessica-Alba-help-Apple-Google.html http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinon/2012/11/298_117506.html 226 Muhammad Sarwar and Tariq Rahim Soomro

Essay about String Theory - 926 Words

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